ABSTRACT
@#The present study aimed to identify larval trematodes shed by snails found in water bodies used by urban communities in a former schistosomiasis endemic area in the state of Piauí, in the Brazilian semiarid region. A malacological survey was performed followed by analysis of the cercariae shed by the snails after light exposure. Biomphalaria straminea specimens (n=1,224) were obtained from all seven collection sites. Cercariae shed by snails were i) single tailed, in which one type of cercariae was identified (Echinostoma cercariae), and ii) with bifurcated tail (brevifurcate apharyngeate distome, brevifurcate pharyngeate distome, and longifurcate pharyngeate distome [strigeocercaria]). Brevifurcate apharyngeate distome were further examined and the presence of spikes in swimming membranes enabled the identification of Spirorchiidae cercariae in all individuals, demonstrating the absence of cercariae compatible with Schistosoma mansoni. Nevertheless, the accurate diagnosis of S. mansoni circulation in former endemic areas is still necessary.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Urban agriculture is very common in the cities, as Rio de Janeiro and adjacencies, being important as economic activity. However, this practice can create appropriate conditions for establishment and maintenance of life cycle of many parasites. Lymneid snails can act as intermediate hosts of many trematodes species, including those that infect humans and wild and domestic. In the present study, the snail Lymnaea columella was collected from an urban watercress plantations and the morphology of cercariae released by them was analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. The specimens were identified as xiphidiocercariae, belonging to the Cercariae Ornatae group, of the order Plagiorchiiformes. Histological examination of the digestive gland of the infected snails revealed the presence of developing sporocysts, with hemocitary infiltration and metaplasia in the epithelial tissue.
Resumo Agricultura urbana é muito comum nas cidades, como Rio de Janeiro e adjacências, sendo uma importante atividade econômica de subsistência. No entanto, esta prática pode criar condições adequadas para o estabelecimento e manutenção do ciclo de vida de muitos parasitos. Os moluscos limneídeos podem atuar como hospedeiros intermédios de muitas espécies de trematódeos, incluindo aqueles que infectam humanos e animais selvagens e domésticos. No presente estudo, o molusco Lymnaea columella foi coletado de plantações urbanas de agrião e a morfologia das cercárias liberadas por eles foi analisada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura leve e de varredura. As larvas foram identificadas como xifidiocercárias, pertencentes ao grupo das Cercariae Ornatae, Ordem Plagiorchiiformes. Análises histológicas da glândula digestiva dos moluscos infectados evidenciaram esporocistos, com formação de granuloma e metaplasia do tecido epitelial.
Subject(s)
Animals , Trematoda/physiology , Lymnaea/parasitology , Trematoda/growth & development , Trematoda/ultrastructure , Brazil , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Cities , Nasturtium/growth & development , Agriculture , Cercaria/growth & development , Cercaria/physiology , Cercaria/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Abstract Pleurolophocercous cercariae found in the invasive gastropod Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) collected in a stream of the Vila do Abraão, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were used for experimental infection that enabled the identification of the heterophyid trematode Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924). The parasite has been found in the locality since 2007, after two years of the introduction of M. tuberculata. Recently, from a sample of 483 specimens collected in June 2013, 101 (21%) were found infected with parasite. The potential environmental impacts caused by the parasite occurrence could be underestimated in the country, and actions to monitor and control both the parasite and the mollusk are necessary.
Resumo Cercárias do tipo pleurolofocerca encontradas no gastrópode invasor Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774) coletados em um riacho da Vila do Abraão em Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil foram utilizadas em estudos de infecção experimental que possibilitaram a identificação do trematódeo heterofiídeo Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924). O parasito vem sendo encontrado na localidade desde 2007, dois anos após a introdução do molusco. Recentemente, de uma amostra de 483 espécimes coletados em junho de 2013, 101 (21%) apresentavam-se infectados pelo parasito. Os potenciais impactos ambientais ocasionados pela ocorrência deste parasito podem estar sendo subestimados no país, sendo necessárias ações visando o monitoramento e controle tanto do parasito quanto do molusco.
Subject(s)
Animals , Snails/parasitology , Heterophyidae/physiology , Host-Parasite Interactions , Brazil , Introduced Species , Metacercariae/growth & development , Metacercariae/physiology , Heterophyidae/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Objective To explore larvicidal effects of anthelmintic drugs on Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) for alternative approach to interrupting its cycle for developing a field-based control program. Methods The larvicidal activities of albendazole (Al), artesunate (Ar), praziquantel (Pzq) and miltefosine (Mf) on O. viverrini cercariae and mature metacercariae were investigated. Lethal concentrations (LC
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore larvicidal effects of anthelmintic drugs on Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) for alternative approach to interrupting its cycle for developing a field-based control program.@*METHODS@#The larvicidal activities of albendazole (Al), artesunate (Ar), praziquantel (Pzq) and miltefosine (Mf) on O. viverrini cercariae and mature metacercariae were investigated. Lethal concentrations (LC and LC) of these drugs were determined. Mature metacercariae previously exposed to various concentrations of the drugs were administered to hamsters. Worms were harvested 30 d post infection and worm recovery rates calculated. Al, Ar, Pzq and Mf produced morphological degeneration and induced shedding tails of cercariae after 24 h exposure.@*RESULTS@#The LC and LC of Al, Ar, Pzq and Mf on cercariae were 0.720 and 1.139, 0.350 and 0.861, 0.017 and 0.693, and 0.530 and 1.134 ppm, respectively. LC and LC of Ar on mature metacercariae were 303.643 and 446.237 ppm and of Mf were 289.711 and 631.781 ppm, respectively but no lethal effect in Pzq- and Al-treated groups (up to 1 ppt). No worms were found in hamsters administered Pzq-treated metacercariae. The adult worms from Al-treated metacercariae were significantly bigger in size compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Fecundity and body width were greater in adults from Mf-treated metacercariae compared to the control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The larvicidal effects of these drugs were high efficacy to O. viverrini cercariae but lesser efficacy to metacercariae. It should be further studied with the eventual aim of developing a field-based control program.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Urban agriculture is very common in the cities, as Rio de Janeiro and adjacencies, being important as economic activity. However, this practice can create appropriate conditions for establishment and maintenance of life cycle of many parasites. Lymneid snails can act as intermediate hosts of many trematodes species, including those that infect humans and wild and domestic. In the present study, the snail Lymnaea columella was collected from an urban watercress plantations and the morphology of cercariae released by them was analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. The specimens were identified as xiphidiocercariae, belonging to the Cercariae Ornatae group, of the order Plagiorchiiformes. Histological examination of the digestive gland of the infected snails revealed the presence of developing sporocysts, with hemocitary infiltration and metaplasia in the epithelial tissue.
Resumo Agricultura urbana é muito comum nas cidades, como Rio de Janeiro e adjacências, sendo uma importante atividade econômica de subsistência. No entanto, esta prática pode criar condições adequadas para o estabelecimento e manutenção do ciclo de vida de muitos parasitos. Os moluscos limneídeos podem atuar como hospedeiros intermédios de muitas espécies de trematódeos, incluindo aqueles que infectam humanos e animais selvagens e domésticos. No presente estudo, o molusco Lymnaea columella foi coletado de plantações urbanas de agrião e a morfologia das cercárias liberadas por eles foi analisada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura leve e de varredura. As larvas foram identificadas como xifidiocercárias, pertencentes ao grupo das Cercariae Ornatae, Ordem Plagiorchiiformes. Análises histológicas da glândula digestiva dos moluscos infectados evidenciaram esporocistos, com formação de granuloma e metaplasia do tecido epitelial.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the viability of Schistosoma japonicum cercariae by staining. Methods Schistosoma japonicum cercariae were stained by 0.4%trypan blue 0.5%methylene blue?eosin?borax M.E.B 0.5%eosin 0.5%methy?lene blue and 0.05% neutral red respectively for 5 min then they were observed under a stereoscopic microscope. Results The dead cercariae were stained in the trypan blue M.E.B eosin and neutral red but unstained in the methylene blue. The vi?tal cercariae were unstained in all the five kinds of dyes. Conclusion The staining methods by using 0.4% trypan blue 0.5%M.E.B 0.5%eosin and 0.05%neutral red can be used to determine the viability of S. japonicum cercariae.
ABSTRACT
Aim: To assess the prevalence of Schistosomiasis in adjacent human communities along the River Kochi, West Nile region of Uganda in relation to the presence of infected Biomphalaria snails Study Design: A combination of cross sectional field survey and laboratory analysis Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted between October 2007 and March 2008 along the River Kochi in the West Nile Region, Uganda. Methodology: Five sites along this river that were approximately 20km apart were selected. Stool samples were collected from 40 randomly selected families, 20 living within 3km from the river banks and 20 beyond 3km. Four hundred and eighty nine stool samples (157 from children, 159 from adolescents and 173 from adults) were analysed and examined using standard methods for the presence of Schistosoma Mansoni cercariae on a monthly for a period of six months. Biomphalaria species snails living in the river were collected using a sweep net and screened for the presence of S. mansoni cercariae. A generalised Linear Model was used to establish associations between human parasitic infections with age and gender. Spearman’s rank correlations coefficient was used to explore the relationship between infected Biomphalaria snail numbers and infection incidence in humans. Results: Percentage infection of 24.1% (118/459) was recorded. Prevalence of Schistosomiasis was lower in children than in adolescents (P=.001) and adults (P=.013), and was overall slightly higher in males than females (P=.014). A Spearman’s rank correlations coefficient of (rs=.710) revealed that there was a link between infected Biomphalaria snail numbers and infection incidence in humans. Conclusion: From the results it appears that Schistosomiasis is still present in West Nile region and is associated with the presence of infected Biomphalaria snail species. Male adolescents and adults are more prone to infection than the females. There is need for regular surveys and continuous Schistosomiasis education to the communities.
ABSTRACT
A survey for freshwater gastropods carrying trematodes parasites was conducted in Manso Dam and the surrounding areas frequented by tourist, focusing particularly on the Pantanal region. Infected snails were recovered from twelve of the eighteen investigated municipalities and forty-one cercaria-snail pairings were recorded. Among these pairings were several first records of snails serving as intermediate hosts for trematodes in Brazil including Biomphalaria amazônica Paraense, 1966, Biomphalaria occidentalis Paraense, 1981, Marisa planogyra Pilsbry, 1933, Pomacea maculata Perry, 1830, Pomacea scalaris (d'Orbigny, 1835) and Gundlachia radiata (Guilding, 1828). Echinostomatidae and Strigeidae were the most common trematode families (ca. 47%) and the greatest diversity of larvae were obtained from Drepanotrema lucidum (Pfeiffer, 1839). Paramphistomatidae, Schistosomatidae or Spirorchiidae and Notocotylidae or Pronocephalidae were recovered in D. lucidum for the first time extending the number of families which use this gastropod as intermediate host. Although no specimens were found harboring larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 other trematode larvae were discovered, including the Schistosomatidae Brevifurcate apharingeate cercaria that can cause dermatitis in humans. Continued studies on the taxonomy and biology of trematodes are essential to better understand the biodiversity of these parasites as well as the epidemiological aspects for control of associated zoonosis.
Foi realizado um levantamento de trematódeos em gastrópodes límnicos provenientes da área da Usina Hidrelétrica de Manso e das proximidades com potencial turístico, como a região do Pantanal. Moluscos parasitados foram encontrados em doze dos dezoito municípios investigados e quarenta e uma interações cercária-gastrópode límnico foram observadas, entre elas Biomphalaria amazônica Paraense, 1966, Biomphalaria occidentalis Paraense, 1981, Marisa planogyra Pilsbry, 1933, Pomacea maculata Perry, 1830, Pomacea scalaris (d'Orbigny, 1835) and Gundlachia radiata (Guilding, 1828) atuando pela primeira vez no Brasil como hospedeiros intermediários de trematódeos. Echinostomatidae e Strigeidae foram as famílias de maior ocorrência (ca. 47%) e a maior variedade de tipos cercarianos foi encontrada em Drepanotrema lucidum (Pfeiffer, 1839). Paramphistomatidae, Schistosomatidae or Spirorchiidae and Notocotylidae or Pronocephalidae foram reportadas pela primeira vez em D. lucidum ampliando o número de famílias que utilizam esse gastrópode como hospedeiro intermediário. Embora nenhum espécime tenha sido encontrado com formas larvais de Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907, outros trematódeos foram observados, como Brevifurcate apharingeate cercaria da família Schistosomatidae que pode causar dermatite no homem. Estudos sobre a taxonomia e a biologia de trematódeos são essenciais para melhor compreender a biodiversidade desses parasitos, assim como os aspectos epidemiológicos para o controle de parasitoses associadas.
ABSTRACT
Species of Petasiger Dietz, 1909 are intestinal trematodes of aquatic birds. Despite the diversity of described species in Europe and North America, only two South American species are known and no species have been previously reported in birds from Brazil. During a study of helminths recovered from the Least Grebe, Tachybaptus dominicus (Linnaeus, 1766), from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, adult trematodes identified as Petasiger novemdecim Lutz, 1928 were found. The prevalence of infection was 55% (5/9), and the mean intensity of infection was 8 (1-32) parasites. Additionally, Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) and Biomphalaria tenagophila (d'Orbigny, 1835) obtained from aquatic collections in the same state were found to harbor two species of echinostome cercariae of the Magnacauda group. These cercariae developed into metacercariae in experimentally infected Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859. Attempts to obtain adult parasites in vertebrate host models (mice, chickens, ducks and canaries) were unsuccessful. The present study is the first report of Petasiger in Brazilian birds and the first morphological description of larvae of these parasites in Brazilian mollusks. Taxonomic aspects related to South American species of Petasiger are discussed. It is suggested that, based on significant morphological differences observed in larval stages (i.e., larval dimensions) and adult parasites (i.e., disposition of the testes), Petasiger caribbensis Nassi, 1980 should be reconsidered as a distinct species from P. novemdecim.
Espécies do gênero Petasiger Dietz, 1909 são trematódeos intestinais de aves aquáticas. Apesar da diversidade de espécies descritas na Europa e América do Norte, somente duas espécies são conhecidas na América do Sul, e nenhuma espécie reportada previamente em aves do Brasil. Durante o estudo de helmintos recuperados de Mergulhão pequeno, Tachybaptus dominicus (Linnaeus, 1766), do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, trematódeos adultos identificados como Petasiger novemdecim Lutz, 1928 foram encontrados. A prevalência de infecção foi 55% (5/9) e a intensidade média de infecção 8 (1-32) parasitos. Adicionalmente, Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) e Biomphalaria tenagophila (d'Orbigny, 1835) obtidas em coleções aquáticas do mesmo estado foram encontradas albergando duas espécies de cercárias do tipo equinóstoma pertencentes ao grupo Magnacauda. Estas cercárias desenvolveram-se em metacercárias em Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859 experimentalmente infectados. Tentativas de obtenção de parasitos adultos em modelos experimentais (camundongos, frangos, patos e canários) demonstraram-se sem sucesso. O presente estudo é o primeiro relato de Petasiger em aves brasileiras e primeira descrição morfológica de larvas destes parasitos em moluscos do Brasil. Aspectos taxonômicos relacionados às espécies sul-americanas de Petasiger são discutidos. Sugere-se que, em vista das diferenças morfológicas observadas nos estágios larvais (i.e., dimensões das larvas) e dos parasitos adultos (i.e., disposição dos testículos), Petasiger caribbensis Nassi, 1980 seja reconsiderada espécie distinta de P. novemdecim.
Subject(s)
Animals , Birds/parasitology , Echinostomatidae/isolation & purification , Mollusca/parasitology , BrazilABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological situation of cercarial trematodes infection in freshwater snails from different water resources in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. Methods:The snail specimens were collected from 13 districts of Chiang Mai province during April 2008 to February 2012. The prevalence of cercarial infection in snails was investigated using the crushing method. The drawing was done with the help of a camera lucida for the morphological study. Results:A total of 2 479 snail individuals were collected and classified into 7 families, 11 genera, and 14 species, Among them, 8 snails species were found to be infected with an overall prevalence of 17.27% (428/2 479), which infected with nine groups of cercariae;gymnocephalous cercaria, strigea cercaria, megalurous cercaria, monostome cercaria, parapleurolophocercous cercaria (Haplorchis cercaria), pleurolophocercous cercaria, furcocercous cercaria (Transversotrema cercaria), xiphidiocercaria, and virgulate cercaria. The parapleurolophocercous cercaria was found to be the dominant type among the cercarial infection in the snails (64.25%). Conclusions:The various species of snails found in the research location act as the intermediate hosts for the high prevalence of parasitic infection of many species of mammals. This work will provide new information on both the distribution and first intermediate host of trematodes.
ABSTRACT
O estudo de larvas de trematódeos encontradas em moluscos no Brasil foi iniciado há cerca de um século e, desde então, dezenas de cercárias e alguns ciclos biológicos destes parasitos foram descritos no país. Na presente atualização, são discutidos aspectos relacionados ao diagnóstico diferencial entre as cercárias de espécies de importância médico-veterinária, como Schistosoma mansoni e Fasciola hepatica, e outras larvas de parasitos de animais silvestres. Uma chave de identificação dos principais tipos cercarianos e suas características biológicas gerais são apresentadas. Além disso, são discutidos os estudos destes parasitos com enfoque em biodiversidade, biologia evolutiva e ecologia, bem como sua possível utilização como bioindicadores e controladores biológicos, abordagens pouco utilizadas no Brasil...
Subject(s)
Animals , Schistosomiasis/epidemiology , Environmental Biomarkers , Mollusca , Schistosoma mansoni , Trematoda/growth & development , Eutrophication , LarvaABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the epidemiological situation of cercarial trematodes infection in freshwater snails from different water resources in Chiang Mai province, Thailand.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The snail specimens were collected from 13 districts of Chiang Mai province during April 2008 to February 2012. The prevalence of cercarial infection in snails was investigated using the crushing method. The drawing was done with the help of a camera lucida for the morphological study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 2 479 snail individuals were collected and classified into 7 families, 11 genera, and 14 species, Among them, 8 snails species were found to be infected with an overall prevalence of 17.27% (428/2 479), which infected with nine groups of cercariae; gymnocephalous cercaria, strigea cercaria, megalurous cercaria, monostome cercaria, parapleurolophocercous cercaria (Haplorchis cercaria), pleurolophocercous cercaria, furcocercous cercaria (Transversotrema cercaria), xiphidiocercaria, and virgulate cercaria. The parapleurolophocercous cercaria was found to be the dominant type among the cercarial infection in the snails (64.25%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The various species of snails found in the research location act as the intermediate hosts for the high prevalence of parasitic infection of many species of mammals. This work will provide new information on both the distribution and first intermediate host of trematodes.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Cercaria , Fresh Water , Prevalence , Snails , Parasitology , Thailand , Epidemiology , TrematodaABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate other new species of cercariae encountered in Melanopsis praemorsa (M. praemorsa) snails collected from Palestine. Methods: A total of 1 100 M. praemorsa were collected from Al-Bathan water body, Palestine, from November, 2010 to November, 2011. Cercariae in M. praemorsa were obtained by emerging and crushing methods. Results: Other three new different species of cercariae have been identified from this snail. These species were Xiphidiocercaria (Cercaria melanopsi palestinia IV), Microcercous (Cercaria melanopsi palestinia V) and Longifurcate cercaria (Cercaria melanopsi palestinia VI). The infection rate ofM. praemorsa with these three different cercariae was (42.2%). Coinfection with Xiphidiocercariae and Longifurcate cercariae or Xiphidiocercariae and Microcercous cercariae has been noted and coinfection rate was 1.23% among the infected snails. The highest cercarial infection rate was in June (64.3%). No infected snails were found in September. It was also noted that infected snails attained a larger size than uninfected ones and all infected snails had a size between 17-22 mm (average 20 mm). Conclusions: Our studies imply that there are potentially more new species of trematodes in this area than were found until now. Due to the presence of infected M. praemorsa and may be species of other snails, water resources could be contaminated by the emerging new cercariae, consequently attack the local people directly via the skin or are transferred to them by metacercariae ingestion. More surveys are needed to identify the real prevalence of the trematodes both in human and animal hosts, and also to determine the range of snail hosts of the parasite in enzootic areas of the disease, as well as the life cycle and biology of trematodes and its effects on man should be elucidated.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To detect the species of larval trematodes (cercariae) in Melanopsis praemorsa snails from 5 different fresh water bodies in Palestine. Methods: A total of 1 880 Melanopsis praemorsa snails were collected from different fresh water bodies in Palestine from October, 2008 to November, 2010. Cercariae in Melanopsis praemorsa snails were obtained by lighting and crushing methods. The behavior of cercariae was observed using a dissecting microscope. Results: Three different species of larval trematodes were identified from Melanopsis praemorsa snails collected only from Al-Bathan fresh water body, while snails from other water bodies were not infected. These species were microcercous cercaria, xiphidiocercaria and brevifurcate lophocercous cercaria. These cercariae called Cercaria melanopsi palestinia I, Cercaria melanopsi palestinia II and Cercaria melanopsi palestinia III have not been described before from this snail in Palestine. The infection rate of Melanopsis praemorsa collected from Al-Bathan fresh water body was 5.7%, while the overall infection rate of snails collected from all fresh water bodies was 4.3%. Details are presented on the morphology and behavior of the cercariae as well as their development within the snail. Conclusions: These results have been recorded for the first time and these cercariae may be of medical and veterinary importance.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the species of larval trematodes (cercariae) in Melanopsis praemorsa snails from 5 different fresh water bodies in Palestine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1 880 Melanopsis praemorsa snails were collected from different fresh water bodies in Palestine from October, 2008 to November, 2010. Cercariae in Melanopsis praemorsa snails were obtained by lighting and crushing methods. The behavior of cercariae was observed using a dissecting microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three different species of larval trematodes were identified from Melanopsis praemorsa snails collected only from Al-Bathan fresh water body, while snails from other water bodies were not infected. These species were microcercous cercaria, xiphidiocercaria and brevifurcate lophocercous cercaria. These cercariae called Cercaria melanopsi palestinia I, Cercaria melanopsi palestinia II and Cercaria melanopsi palestinia III have not been described before from this snail in Palestine. The infection rate of Melanopsis praemorsa collected from Al-Bathan fresh water body was 5.7%, while the overall infection rate of snails collected from all fresh water bodies was 4.3%. Details are presented on the morphology and behavior of the cercariae as well as their development within the snail.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These results have been recorded for the first time and these cercariae may be of medical and veterinary importance.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Cercaria , Fresh Water , Host-Parasite Interactions , Larva , Snails , Parasitology , Trematoda , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the detection rate and the efficiency of the modified crushing-cercariae escaping method.Methods The detection rates of the modified crushing-cercariae escaping method and the crushing methods were compared by using a double-blind control experiment with the latter as a gold standard.meanwhile the number of the cercariae was quantified.The efficiency of the two methods aforementioned and the cereariae escaping method were compared in field.Results The detection rate of the modified crushing-cercariae escaping method was 100%.the average number of cercariae in each infected snail was (4 778±1 157);and the number in certain volume of water sample was positively correlated with the number of infected snails.The efficiency of the modified menthed Was 18.2 times and 17.3 times as high as those of the crushing method and cereariae escaping method,respectively.Conclusions The modified crushing-cercariae escaping method Can detect the infected snails quicky and Can quantify the number of infected snails and cercariae,and is suitable for the detection of infected snails in large number.
ABSTRACT
Se describen las larvas de digeneos que se obtuvieron en Melanoides tuberculata (Gastropoda: Thiaridae), molusco dulceacuícola del que se colectaron 125 especímenes en el lago del Jardín Botánico Joaquín Antonio Uribe de Medellín. En el laboratorio se individualizaron y se estimuló la emisión cercariana con una fuente luminosa. El 9,6 % de los caracoles emitió cercarias. Los moluscos emisores se sacrificaron para obtener los demás estadios larvarios. Las larvas se montaron al microscopio, se midieron y luego se dibujaron. Los caracteres morfológicos permitieron establecer la presencia de Centrocestus formosanus (Heterophyidae) y de dos Philophthalmidae. Uno de estos es primer registro para Colombia. Se confirma la sensibilidad de M. tuberculata a infecciones por digeneos, así como la especificidad de los filoftálmidos por moluscos hospedadores de la superfamilia Cerithioidea.
The larvae of two trematodes found in the freshwater mollusk Melanoides tuberculata (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) are described. 125 snails from the Medellin’s Botanical Garden Joaquín Antonio Uribe were collected. In the laboratory, each individual was placed alone and stimulated with light in order to have cercaria emission. 9.6% of the snails released cercariae. These were separated in three morphologies. From each one, 15 individuals were measured and drawn. Photographs were taken. Based on their morphological characteritics the presence of Centrocestus formosanus (Heterophyidae) was determined. The other two morphologies were classified in the family Philophthalmidae. One of them constitutes the first register for Colombia. The sensibility of M. tuberculata to infections by digeneans, and the specificity of the family Philophthalmidae to mollusk hosts of the superfamily Cerithioidea are confirmed.
ABSTRACT
Extratos de Croton fluribundus (Euphorbiaceae), ácido caurenóico e dois derivados do ácido caurenóico foram avaliados como moluscicida, cercaricida e também foi verificada a letalidade destas amostras frente a larvas de Artemia salina Leach. Nestes ensaios foram observadas significantes atividades moluscicida e cercaricida associadas a uma reduzida toxicidade frente ao camarão de água salgada.
Lethality of the extracts of Croton floribundus (Euphorbiaceae), a medicinal plant from south Brazil, and of the kaurenoic acid, an isolated compound, and two of its derivatives against adult Biomphalaria glabrata snails, Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and Artemia salina Leach. brine shrimp larvae are reported. Both extracts and the isolated compound showed significant molluscicidal and cercaricidal activities and reduced toxicity in brine shrimp assays.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the fifth of a series dealing with the survey of freshwater gastropods of the state of Rio de Janeiro, the results of collections carried out in the Norte Fluminense Mesoregion from 2002 to 2003 are presented and revealed the occurrence of 19 species: Antillorbis nordestensis; Burnupia sp.; Biomphalaria tenagophila; Drepanotrema anatinum; Drepanotrema cimex; Drepanotrema depressissimum; Drepanotrema lucidum; Ferrissia sp.; Gundlachia ticaga; Gundlachia sp.; Heleobia sp.; Hebetancylus moricandi; Idiopyrgus sp.; Lymnaea columella; Melanoides tuberculatus; Physa acuta; Physa marmorata; Pomacea sordida, and Pomacea sp. Concerning the snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni only B. tenagophila was found, in contrast with other previuosly studied mesoregions.No specimens were found harbouring larval forms of S. mansoni although different kinds of cercariae had been observed.An account about the current schistosomiasis transmission sites in this Mesoregion is presented as well.